Reimagined Head of Buddha from Afghanistan (probably Hadda, 5th-6th century).
Barlaam and Josaphat was among the most widely copied Christian hagiographies of the Middle Ages: an Indian prince, sheltered from all sight of suffering, encounters age, sickness and death, and is brought to renunciation by the hermit Barlaam. Both were venerated as righteous saints. Their origin was established only in the nineteenth century. The legend descends from a Sanskrit account of the Buddha's life, carried through Manichaean, Arabic (Kitāb Bilawhar wa-Būdhāsaf) and Georgian intermediaries before reaching Greek and Latin; Josaphat is bodhisattva, worn down by four languages. Christendom had canonised the Buddha without recognising him.